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Saturday, July 31, 2010

Swaras - Part III

To write musical notations , there are a number of symbols and nomenclature for each of the 16 Swaras of Carnatic music. The format of a Kriti or Keerthana contains these details which make it easy to render Swara in its designated Swarasthana. Along with, of course, the Gamakas , Anuswaras and other Swara ornamental elements ,are to be mastered for rendering Raga and Kriti or Keerthana with Raga’s full glory.

Nomenclature of 16 Swaras are given Below:

1. Shadjam ………………………….S

2 Sudda Rishabam…………………….Ra………….R1

3 Chatusruthi Rishabam ………………Ri………….R2

4 Shatsruthi Rishabam ………………Ru ……...…..R3

5 Sudda Gandaram……………………Ga…………….G1

6 Sadarana Gandaram…………………Gi ………….. G2

7 Anthara Gandaram…………………..Gu……………G3

8 Sudda Madyamam…………………..Ma…………..M1

9 Prathi Madyamam…………………...Mi…………..M2

10 Panchamam…………………………..P

11 Sudda Daivatham……………………Da…………..D1

12 Chatusruthi Daivatham………………Di…………. ..D2

13 Shatsruthi Daivatham ……………….Du……...……D3

14 Sudda Nishadam…………………….Na……………N1

15 Kasiki Nishadam…………………….Ni…………….N2

16 Kakali Nishadam…………………….Nu……………N3

By using systematic combination of the above Swaras , 72 Melas are obtained with the following conditions:

1) The seven Swaras must be present in Arohanam and Avarohanam.

2) The sequence of Swaras in Arohanam and Avarohanam should be in ascending and descending order respectively.

3) Each Swara should occur in the same variety in both Arohanam and Avarohanam.

4) The two Swaras sounding in the same Swarasthanam should not find place in one Ragam.



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